Comparative study of Bacteriological Contents of Commercially Smoked Fish and Aseptically Smoked Fish sold in Awka and Environs, Anambra State Nigeria Authors Ozoh, C.N Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Orji, M.U Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria DOI: https://doi.org/10.47504/IJAGRI.2022.3.2.1 Keywords: Aseptically, Kiln, Smoked Fish, Hygienic, Bacteriological Abstract The study was carried out to determine the bacteriological contents of smoked fish sold in Awka markets and environs. A total number of 80 samples of smoked and frozen fish were purchased from three different markets in Awka and its environs. 60 smoked fish and 20 frozen fish of four different species of panla, sardine, mackerel and catfish 15each and 5 each respectively. The samples were collected labeled appropriately and kept in sterile polyethylene bags and were taken to the microbiology laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and Anambra State Polytechnic, Mgbakwu for microbial analysis, biochemical and molecular characterization were used for identification of bacteria and fungi isolates. The frozen fishes were taken to the fishery department of Anambra State Polytechnic, Mgbakwu for smoking, the fishes were aseptically smoked using the traditional kiln and oven drying methods. Nutrient agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, Salmonella shigella agar, Eosin methylene blue agar and Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar were used for the isolation of organisms. The isolated organisms are Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus Saprophiticus, Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella Aerogenes. Delftia Tsuruhatensis, Proteus mirabilis, Comamonas Thiooxydans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Crocinitomicaceae bacterium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus spp. the fungi isolated are Aspergillus fumigate, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium spp. Mucor, Rhizopus sp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillum spp. the total viable counts (TVC in CFU/g) of smoked mackerel, sardine, panla and catfish ranges from 1.7x102 to 40.3x102 , 0.6x102-66x102, 11x102-98x102, 2.5x102 -54x102 respectively. TVC (CFU/g) of fungi isolates from catfish ranges from 10x102 to 33x102 TVC (CFU/g). In aseptically smoked fish no organism was isolated from fish samples except in smoked and oven-dried panla fish. Their TVC ranges from 0.2x102-0.8x102. The findings indicate that smoked fish sold in Awka markets and environs are all contaminated, proper awareness should be done to educate the fish vendors on proper and hygienic methods of processing and selling their products. References Abolagba, O.J, and Melle, O.O., (2008). Chemical composition and keeping qualities of a scaly fish tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus smoked with two energy sources. Afr. J. Gen. Agric. 4(2):113-117. Adebayo-Tayo, B. C., Onilude, A. A., and Patrick, U. G. (2008). Mycofloral of smoked-dried fishes sold in Uyo, Eastern Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 346–350. Akande, G.R., (1996).“Post-harvest processing in Fisheries”. A paper presented at training for officers of UNDP assisted programme on artisanal fisheries development, Ogun State at Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology, 120.. Amos, B., (2007). Analysis of quality deterioration at critical steps/points in fish handling in Uganda and Iceland and suggestions for improvement.United Nations University, Uganda. http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/amos 06prf.pdf Barnett,H.L. and Hunter, B.B., (2000). Illustration General of Imperfect Fungi; 4th ed. Freedom Palestine press, Palestine. Pp 46-107. Bukola.C., Adebayo-Tayo, A. Onilude, A. and Ukpe G. P. (2008). Mycofloral of Smoke-Dried Fishes Sold in Uyo, Eastern Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (3): 346-350. Cheesbrough, M. (2000).District Laboratory Practical in Tropical Countries.Part 2 Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom. Pp502. FAO.(2008). Fisheries and Aquaculture Report. No.889. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Cairo, pp: 61 Felix, O.A., and Kehinde, T.A.,(2015).Microbiological Analysis of Three of Smoked Fish Obtained from the Ondo State, Nigeria. Scientific & Academic Publishing 5(4): 122-126. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).(2004). Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003 (p. 81). Rome: Author Gandotra, R., M. Koul, S. Gupta and S. Sharma, 2012. Change in proximate composition and microbial count by low Temperaturepreservation in fish muscle of Labeo Rohita (Ham-Buch). IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2: 13-17. Gilligan P.H., Lum G, VanDamme P.A.R, and Whittier, S., Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J. and Jorgensen, J.H., (2003). (eds.). Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, Pandoraea, and Acidivorax. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology (8th ed.). ASM Press, Washington, DC. pp. 729–748. Jimenez B. J., Rivas P. R., Lopez J. G., Pesciaroli C., Barghini P., and Fenice M. (2012). Immobilization of Delftia Tsuruhatensis in Macro-Porous Cellulose and Biodegradation of Phenolic Compounds in Repeated Batch Process. J. Biotechnol. 157, 148–153. Junaid, S.A; Olauboin, F, and Olabode, A.O., (2010). Mycotic contamination of stock fish sold in Jos, Nigeria. J. Yeast Fungal Res1(7): 136 – 141. Kumolu – Johnson, C. A.; Aladotohum, N. F. and Ndimele, P. E. (2009).The Effects of Smoking on the Nutritional Qualities and Shelf Life of Catfish..African Journal of Biotechnology 9.1: 73 -76. Narayan, K.D., Pandey, S.K., and Das, S.K. (2010). Characterization of Comamonas thiooxidans sp.nov., and comparison of thiosulfate oxidation with Comamonas testosterone and Comamonas composti. Current microbiology. 61(4):248-53. Olayemi, F. F., Adedayo, M. R., Bamisaiye, E. I. and Awagu, E. F. (2011b). Proximate Composition of Catfish Smoked in Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI): Developed Kiln. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture.3.5: 95 – 97. Preiswerk, B., Ullrich, S., Speich, R., Bloemberg, G. V. and Hombach, M., (2011). "Human infection with Delftia tsuruhatensis isolated from a central venous catheter". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 60 (2): 246–248. Ranc, A., Dubourg, G., Fournier, P.E., Raoult, D. and Fenollar, F., (2018). "Delftia tsuruhatensis, an Emergent Opportunistic Healthcare-Associated Pathogen". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 24 (3): 594–596. Tabak, O., Mete, B., Aydin, S., Mandel, N. M., Otlu, B., Ozaras, R. and Tabak, F., (2013). "Port-related Delftia tsuruhatensis bacteremia in a patient with breast cancer". The New Microbiologica. 36 (2): 199–201. Tidwell, J.H. and G.L. Allan, 2001. Fish as food: Aquaculture's contribution. Ecological and economic impacts and contributions of fish farming and capture fisheries. Eur. Mol. Biol. Org., 21: 958-963. Umeaku C. N., Chris-Umeaku C.I., Emmyegbe, I.O, Okeke U.C., (2018). Bacteriological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Meat (Smoked and Kilishi) Sold in Nigerian Markets. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology; 3(2):57-61. Ye J. X., Lin T. H., Hu J. T., Poudel R., Cheng Z. W., and Zhang S. H. (2019). Enhancing Chlorobenzene Biodegradation by Delftia Tsuruhatensis Using a Water-Silicone Oil Biphasic System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 16, 1629. Downloads Pdf How to Cite Ozoh, C.N, & Orji, M.U. (2022). Comparative study of Bacteriological Contents of Commercially Smoked Fish and Aseptically Smoked Fish sold in Awka and Environs, Anambra State Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, Biology & Environment (e-ISSN 2582-6107) DOI: 10.47504/IJAGRI, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47504/IJAGRI.2022.3.2.1 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 3 No. 2: IJAGRI Apr-June-2022 Section Articles License Copyright (c) 2022 Ozoh, C.N, Orji, M.U This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.